Choosing a pet can be a daunting task. With so many factors to consider, many people often overlook the most important point — pet ownership is a long-term commitment.

Before making a decision, it’s important to do your research. This exercise alone will acquaint you with many pet-ownership responsibilities (nutrition, exercise, medical care and training) and those specific to your breed (cost, common ailments and special needs). The Internet is a good place to start. You can also contact pet-owning friends and family to learn about their experiences. In fact, spend some significant time in the company of friends and their pets to see what a day-in-the-life is actually like.

While dogs and cats are the most common choices, their longevity and need for supervision and human interaction also make them the most commitment-intensive pets. Pocket pets, such as guinea pigs and hamsters, and exotic snakes and birds are increasingly popular.

To be a successful pet owner, look at what your current lifestyle allows and where you’ll be in the next five to ten years. Be honest about your existing obligations because every aspect of your life from children and work to travelling and house size can all factor into a responsible pet choice.

Apartment-dwellers who seek companionship may be perfect owners for a small dog. For younger, more active individuals, a larger dog may be the way to go. If you have a specific restriction, like allergies, look into a non-shedding breed like a poodle. If you feel that the twice-daily demands of walking are more than you want, a cat could be a better option. They offer companionship, but are relatively low maintenance and self-sufficient.

Whenever possible look for your pet at a humane society, shelter or rescue group. It is estimated that six to eight million unwanted pets enter North American animal shelters each year, and almost half of them are euthanized because there aren’t enough homes. It’s important to honour your commitment to the animal you choose and not perpetuate the cycle of unwanted pets in the world.

Once you decide on the type of pet, take time to evaluate the costs associated with its care and maintenance, including the important initial step of spaying or neutering. Beyond that, you’ll be paying for food, crates, training, immunization, medications, such as flea, tick and heartworm control, dentistry, dog walker, boarding and veterinary care — all part of your annual pet-care budget. Insurance is also available to cover an animal's health issues that might arise during the first several months in its new home, such as the ingestion of a foreign object or the development of orthopaedic issues.

This raises an important point. Until you train and know your new pet, it's wise to proof your house of items that are potentially dangerous for free-roaming cats and dogs. These include a wide array of small objects, such as string, ribbon, dental floss, plastic bags, hazardous foods (like chocolate) or anything else that presents a choking or poisoning hazard to a curious kitten or puppy. You'd be surprised what a bored puppy will chomp on if the opportunity arises.

Kittens and cats generally adapt well to a stable home setting. They’re playful and loving, and will immediately learn where their food and litter box are located. Give them some time to explore and feel at ease in their new space. A window perch with a view of trees, birds and street life is fabulous feline entertainment.

A new dog, however, typically requires a lot more work, especially if house training is involved. The most important thing is to establish a regular routine that your pet can depend on and then stick to the schedule for feeding, walks and bathroom breaks. Dogs want to learn, and you can ease the way by proving to be a reliable owner. Follow these steps and after the first few months of socialization, your dog will be a lifelong family member.

Ask the Right Questions

Having a pet is a wonderful luxury, and a pet’s unconditional love enriches any household. Here are some quick points to consider before you adopt:

• Are you looking for a dog or a cat?

• Do you have an active life style? Would you enjoy the routine of two daily walks with a dog?

• Do you have children?

• How many hours a day are you away from the house?

• Do you travel a lot for work or pleasure?

• Does anyone in your family have allergies?

• Do you have adequate disposable income to cover the annual cost of a pet?